Hybrid warfare is a subset of hostile activities against a state, falling under the category of hybrid threats but representing an escalated phase. These activities may also involve military means and the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats, marking a shift from under-detected or unattributed activities to overt coercion.
Hybrid warfare represents the “hard end” of the escalation spectrum of hybrid threat activity.
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Related news and publications
Hybrid warfare
News
JEF course sharpens understanding of hybrid threats among defence planners
31.03.2025
Non-state actors
Hybrid CoE Paper 23Countering state-sponsored proxies: Designing a robust policy
13.02.2025
Russia
Hybrid CoE Paper Hybrid CoE Paper 20: Ukraine’s position in Russia’s strategic thinking: Domestic, regional and international order
10.09.2024
Hybrid warfare
Hybrid CoE Working Paper Hybrid CoE Working Paper 33: State, non-state or chimera? The rise and fall of the Wagner Group and recommendations for countering Russia’s employment of complex proxy networks
25.06.2024
Nordic-Baltic region
Hybrid CoE Working Paper Hybrid CoE Working Paper 32: Russia’s hybrid threat tactics against the Baltic Sea region: From disinformation to sabotage
30.05.2024
Cyber
News
The sixth Cyber Power Symposium discussed the use of cyber-related technologies, such as AI, to gain cognitive superiority
25.04.2024
Russia
Hybrid CoE Working Paper Hybrid CoE Working Paper 27: Use and abuse of international law: Russian military training and exercises in its foreign relations
20.11.2023
Cyber
News
ESDC-led course ‘The Contribution of Cyber in Hybrid Conflict’ held for second time in Helsinki
18.09.2023
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The Centre focuses on diverse aspects of hybrid threats – from soft power to military means, and from policy to practical questions.
